Aruna Shanbaug - Sad story of a Nurse

Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug (1 June 1948 – 18 May 2015), a young, beautiful, high-spirited, strong- willed girl who hailed from a small village called Haldipur in Honnavar taluk of north Coastal Karnataka (in southern state of Karnataka) alternatively spelled Shanbhag, was an Indian nurse who was at the centre of attention in a court case on euthanasia being in a vegetative state as a result of sexual assault who died from pneumonia on 18 May 2015 after being in a persistent vegetative state for nearly 42 years.

 

Just like those thousands, she reached Bombay (now Mumbai) with dreams in her eyes, she left her home at a tender age of 18. Her goals were set, she knew what she wanted in her life.

Aruna completed a nursing course in Bombay on her own without anybody’s support. She landed herself a job as a junior nurse in the famous King Edward Memorial Hospital. She was a strict disciplinarian, authoritative, highly responsible and efficient, amongst the best nurses of the hospital. She had a promising carrier ahead and was loved and liked by all.

While working as a nurse in King Edward Memorial Hospital, Aruna fell in love with Dr. Sundeep Sardesai. Both of them admitted the love to each other and soon got engaged. They had even fixed a date for their marriage. That’s when everything seemed very perfect for Aruna.

In November 27, 1973, while working as a junior nurse at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Shanbaug was brutal sexually assaulted by Sohanlal Bhartha Walmiki, a sweeper ( Ward boy ) on contract at the King Edward Memorial Hospital. Walmiki was motivated partly by resentment for being ordered about and castigated by Aruna. He attacked her while she was changing clothes in the hospital basement.

Walmiki choked her with a dog chain and paralyzed her. Hospital staff found her unconscious 11 hours after attack the dog's chain around her neck had cut by the asphyxiation cut off oxygen supply to her brain, resulting in brain stem contusion injury and cervical cord injury apart from leaving her cortically blind. But she did not die in fact she suffered bravely (and is still suffering) but the damage is irreversible both physically and mentally. Sohanlal did not only snatch her dignity but snatched her whole life, she is bed-ridden, completely dependent on the nurses of the hospital in which she once served other patients.

Walmiki was caught and convicted, and served two concurrent seven-year sentences for assault and robbery but not for rape or sexual molestation (which could have got him a ten-year sentence by itself). Sohanlal got released after 7 years of imprisonment but Aruna still traumatised

Following the attack, nurses in Mumbai went on strike demanding improved conditions for Aruna and better working conditions for themselves. They even succeeded as a police case was registered as a case of robbery and attempted murder. To avoid the social rejection of the victim, and her impending marriage, the original crime of anal rape was concealed by the doctors under the instructions of the Dean of KEM, Dr. Deshpande, perhaps

Aruna is in Permanent Vegetative State (PVS). Her pain is incurable and condition irreversible. She is locked up in her own body to wait for a slow, painful death. Unfortunately, Aruna’s family abandoned her after the hospital started insisting that they should take her home. But the fellow nurses at the KEM hospital in Mumbai had her kept her alive for 42 years. Their love and care for Aruna are highly appreciable.

For Aruna her home became the same hospital where she used to serve whole heartedly. She occupies the same room outside ward 4 of the hospital since 38years.

In 2010, Pinki Virani, Aruna’s friend and activist-journalist filed a petition for euthanasia for Aruna Shanbaug. The Supreme Court praised Ms Virani’s concern, but ruled that her relationship with the patient does not give her right to petition on Ms Shanbaug’s behalf for a mercy killing. The only party that can appeal for euthanasia for Ms. Shanbaug was the staff of KEM Hospital which has nursed her since 38 years. Aruna‘s case is a landmark, while rejecting Virani’s plea for Aruna Shanbaug’s euthanasia, the court laid out guidelines for passive euthanasia. Virani didn’t have anymore to say than a sheer grief over her friend’s pathetic state.

On 24 January 2011, after she had been in this state for 37 years, the Supreme Court of India responded to the plea for euthanasia filed by Aruna's friend, journalist Pinki Virani, by setting up a medical panel to examine her. The court rejected the petition on 7 March 2011. However, in its landmark opinion, it allowed passive euthanasia in India. Pinky Virani has authored a moving book on Aruna Shanbaug titled 'Aruna's Story'.

Rejecting the request for mercy killing, Justice Markandey Katju wrote in his May 2011 judgement "It would be incorrect to say that Smt Aruna Shanbaug is an appropriate case for coma. It appears that for a crucial, critical period her brain was deprived of oxygen supply and this has resulted in her present state similar to that of Cerebral Palsy in the newborn child. It is a condition where brain looses it's coordinatory, sensory as well as motor functions and this includes loss of speech and perception. This has resulted into a state which in a layman's words "Aruna lives in her own world for last 37 years".

She is lying in a bed in a single room for 33 years. She has not been able to stand or walk, nor have we attempted to do that of late because we fear that she is fragile and would break her bones if she falls. Her extremities and fingers have developed contractures and subsequent to non-use; there is wasting of her body muscles. Her eyes are open and she blinks frequently; however, these movements are not pertaining to a specific purpose or as a response to a question. At times she is quiet and at times she shouts or shrieks.

However, I must say that her shouts and shrieks are completely oblivious to anybody's presence in her room. It is not true that she shouts after seeing a man. I do not think Aruna can distinguish between a man and a woman, nor can she even distinguish between ordinate and inordinate object. We play devotional songs rendered by Sadguru Wamanrao Pai continuously in her room and she lies down on her bed listening to them. She expresses her displeasure by grimaces and shouts if the tape recorder is switched off. All these years she was never fed by tube and whenever a nurse used to take food to her lips, she used to swallow it. It is only since September 2010 she developed Malaria and her oral intake dropped.

In order to take care of her calorie make need, nurses cadre resorted to naso-gastric tube feed and now she is used to NG feeding. However, if small morsels are held near her lips, Aruna accepts them gladly. It appears that she relishes fish and occasionally smiles when she is given non-vegetarian food. However, I am honest in admitting that her smiles are not purposeful and it would be improper to interpret them as a signal of gratification. I must put on record that in the world history of medicine there would not be another single case where such a person is cared and nurtured in bed for 33 long years and has not developed a single bed sore. This speaks of volumes of excellence of nursing care that KEM Nursing staff has given to her.

This care is given not as a part of duty but as a part of feeling of oneness. With every new batch of entrants, the student nurses are introduced to her and they are told that she was one of us and she continues to be one of us and then they whole-heartedly take care of Aruna.

In my opinion, this one is finest example of love, professionalism, dedication and commitment to one of our professional colleagues who is ailing and cannot support herself. Not once, in this long sojourn of 33 years, anybody has thought of putting an end to her so called vegetative existence. There have been several Deans and Doctors of KEM Hospital who have cared her in succession. Right from illustrious Dr CK Deshpande in whose tenure the incidence happened in 1973, Dr GB Parulkar, Dr Smt Pragna M Pai, Dr RJ Shirahatti, Dr Smt NA Kshirsagar, Dr ME Yeolekar and now myself Dr Sanjay N Oak, all of us have visited her room time and again and have cared for her and seen her through her ups and downs. The very idea of withholding food or putting her to sleep by active medication (mercy killing) is extremely difficult for anybody working in Seth GSMC & KEM Hospital to accept and I sincerely make a plea to the Learned Counsel and Hon'ble Judges of Supreme Court of India that this should not be allowed. Aruna has probably crossed 60 years of life and would one day meet her natural end. The Doctors, Nurses and staff of KEM, are determined to take care of her till her last breath by natural process.

Pinky believed that keeping Aruna alive in this vegetative state violated her right to live with dignity. But the Supreme Court took note of the care taken by KEM nurses.

Justice Markandey Katju wrote in his judgement "The hospital staff has provided her an excellent nursing care since then which included feeding her by mouth, bathing her and taking care of her toilet needs. The care was of such an exceptional nature that she has not developed a single bed-sore or fracture in spite of her bedridden state since 1973.

According to the history from them, though she is not very much aware of herself and her surrounding, she somehow recognizes the presence of people around her and expresses her like or dislike by making certain types of vocal sounds and by waving her hands in certain manners. She appears to be happy and smiles when she receives her favorite food items like fish and chicken soup. She accepts feed which she likes but may spit out food which she doesn't like. She was able to take oral feeds till 16th September 2010, when she developed a febrile illness, probably malaria. After that, her oral intake reduced and a feeding tube (Ryle's tube) was passed into her stomach via her nose. Since then she receives her major feeds by the Ryle's tube, and is only occasionally able to accept the oral liquids. Malaria has taken a toll in her physical condition but she is gradually recuperating from it."

"Occasionally, when there are many people in the room she makes vocal sounds indicating distress. She calms down when people move out of her room. She also seems to enjoy the devotional songs and music which is played in her room and it has calming effect on her.

In an annual ritual, each and every batch of nursing students is introduced to Ms Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug, and is told that "She was one of us"; "She was a very nice and efficient staff nurse but due to the mishap she is in this bed-ridden state".

The entire nursing staff member and other staff members have a very compassionate attitude towards Ms Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug and they all very happily and willingly take care of her. They all are very proud of their achievement of taking such a good care of their bed-ridden colleague and feel very strongly that they want to continue to take care of her in the same manner till she succumbs naturally. They do not feel that Ms Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug is living a painful and miserable life."

Four decades after, Aruna is finally free. But her demise brings to an end the greatest story of nurses dedication.

While Duttakumar Desai wrote the Marathi play, Katha Arunachi in 1994-95 and was performed at the college level, subsequently it was staged under director Vinay Apte in 2002. Actress Anumol played Aruna in a Malayalam film 'Maram Peyyumbol'.

Vaityar Usman Ali herbal father died

Ayurvedic Medicine

King of Herbs, Vaityar Usman Ali, revered as the father of medicine, like us, they died on 21/5/2015 ..
                                                                                
                                                                                   

 

His loss is irreplaceable.

He is a mobile Herbal Dictionary ..

Creator of many researchers obtained a doctorate in the field of botany botanical ..

Maharashtra Mandal health and the root causes of such large charity founder ..

World-renowned Gujarat Ayurvedic University Asst.Director that is formar OSD Gujarat Ayurvedic University - as an Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani drugs

Impkaps Adyar Chennai, the company started to produce the greatest era, not only in his role as an expert botanist is profound talaimai impakaps effectively gave the special launch.

The first head of the company, was an expert in botany tempk many herbs utaviyar reach the people.

This NGO Chairman CTMR by traditional clinical study to research the various Field.

A great deal of paranoia father maruttuvarkalukke herbal medicine herbs in all of paranoia atiyalam indicator, telling them the benefits of simple master unknown.

Cat Kidney Failure mustache to find a drug that works very well spoken most brilliant genius http://www.ayurvedamaruthuvam.blogspot.com/2014/01/blog-post_16.html

Herbs & Medical Centre in Chennai to inaugurate our heels Originator .http: //www.ayurvedamaruthuvam.blogspot.com/2014/11/blog-post.html

Kuttraalam me that his son was a very big seminar in college Goddesss .My son was pleased to call me that.

Like us about the use of herbal medicine, showed the way for the single.

Pirava with my brother, Dr. Siddiq Ali, MD (Siddha) Usman Ali vaitya they ever learn so many things from many physicians from them, pointing to the way that mutalali call them my brother, Siddiq Ali.

Herbal genius he expected any benefit to anyone replica.

Doctors such as the guide for us, as a father, mentor passed away on the morning of Thursday 21/5/2015, was one place where they can fill with sorrow and sadness mara pirarttittavan crying for his success in the Hereafter ...

James Randi $1,000,000 Paranormal Challenge - The Magician

James Randi, (born Randall James Hamilton Zwinge, August 7, 1928) is a Canadian-American retired stage magician and scientific skeptic has an international reputation as a magician and escape artist, but today he is best known as the world’s most tireless investigator and demystifier of paranormal and pseudoscience claims.
 

Randi is the co-founder of Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) and the founder of the James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF). He began his career as a magician named The Amazing Randi, but after retiring at age 60, he chose to devote most of his time to investigating paranormal, occult, and supernatural claims, which he collectively calls "woo-woo".

Randi has pursued “psychic” spoonbenders, exposed the dirty tricks of faith healers, investigated homeopathic water “with a memory,” and generally been a thorn in the sides of those who try to pull the wool over the public’s eyes in the name of the supernatural.

Although often referred to as a "debunker", Randi dislikes the term's connotations and prefers to describe himself as an "investigator".He has written about the paranormal phenomena, skepticism, and the history of magic. He was a frequent guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and was occasionally featured on the television program Penn & Teller: Bullshit!

The Amazing Randi, magician and author of numerous works skeptical of paranormal, supernatural, and pseudoscientific claims has for about ten years offered "a one-million-dollar prize to anyone who can show, under proper observing conditions, evidence of any paranormal, supernatural, or occult power." His rules were little more than what any reasonable scientist would require. If you are a mental spoon bender, you couldn't use your own spoons. If you claimed to see auras, you'd have to do so under controlled conditions. If you claimed to be able to do remote viewing, you wouldn't be given credit for coming close in some vague way. If you were going to demonstrate dowsing powers, you would have to be prepared to be tested under controlled conditions. If you were going to do psychic surgery or experience the stigmata, you would have to do so with cameras watching your every move.

He has received numerous awards and recognitions, including a Fellowship from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation in 1986 for his work in investigating claims of the supernatural, occult, and paranormal powers—in particular his exposures of TV evangelist / healers and of "psychics" such as Uri Geller. He received a grant of $272,000 to assist him in these continuing endeavors. He hosted The Randi Show on WOR-Radio, New York City, and has appeared on numerous TV series and specials throughout the world. He has taught at New York University and at Brookdale Community College in New Jersey, was 1984 Regents Lecturer at the University of California at Los Angeles, and has conducted several seminars at other colleges.

To download the Million Dollar Challenge application and tems and conditions kidly visit the following link, http://web.randi.org/the-million-dollar-challenge.html

Do Eye-Balls remain same from Birth Until Death

Do Eye-Balls Grow in due course of Age !

It’s a popular myth that the human eye is the only part of the body that remains the same size from birth until death.

When you're born, your eyeballs are each 16 millimeters wide. But by the time you turn three, they will grow to each be 23 millimeters wide. Your eyeballs will reach their maximum size when you hit puberty -- around 24 millimeters wide.

Human eyes grow dramatically in size from birth until about 15 to 16 years of age. The size of the human eye from front to back is about 17 mm at birth, and human eyes grow to about 21 mm by two years of age, and about 23 to 24 mm by the time you reach your teenage years, in which it has grown to about 7/8th of an inch. This eye growth is in the "axial length" of the eye (front to back), and not in the part in which one sees through when looking at something.

Your eyes, ears, and nose all keep growing (at different rates, your eyes end up relatively smaller compared to your face when you reach adulthood as opposed to an infant), until you reach adult size usually around 18 (not puberty). All three (and the rest of your face) then stop growing. So eyes do grow (some 40% increase in size from infant to adult), and ears and noses do stop growing.

So while the human eye is slow to get bigger, it does increase in size by about 7mm (almost 40%) during the course of your lifetime.

Meanwhile, a lot of people think that your nose and ears never stop growing… but this is also an illusion.

Your nose and ears actually stop growing when you are 18 years old. They only appear to get bigger once you hit old age, due to the force of gravity pulling down on your skin.
 
The dimensions differ among adults by only one or two millimeters; it is remarkably consistent across different ethnicity. The vertical measure, generally less than the horizontal distance, is about 24 mm among adults, at birth about 16–17 millimeters (about 0.65 inch). The eyeball grows rapidly, increasing to 22.5–23 mm (approx. 0.89 in) by three years of age. By age 13, the eye attains its full size. The typical adult eye has an anterior to posterior diameter of 24 millimeters, a volume of six cubic centimeters (0.4 cu. in.), and a mass of 7.5 grams (weight of 0.25 oz.).
 
When you’re young, you have plenty of collagen and elastin in your skin which gives it strength and suppleness. But that breaks down with old age, causing skin to lose its elasticity, and your nose and ears appear all big and droopy. They do not continue to grow in old age.

Shakuntala Devi termed as the " Human Computer "

Shakuntala Devi, an Indian mathematical wizard known as “the human computer” for her ability to make incredibly swift calculations, died in Bangalore, India at the age of 83, due to the cause of respiratory and cardiac problems, said D. C. Shivadev, a trustee of the Shakuntala Devi Educational Foundation Public Trust.
 
Shakuntala Devi was born in Bangalore ( Kannada: 4 November 1929 – 21 April 2013) to an orthodox Kannada Brahmin family, was an Indian writer and mental calculator, popularly known as the "human computer".

Her father rebelled against becoming a temple priest and instead joined a circus where he worked as a trapeze artist, lion tamer, tightrope walker and magician, whose Survivors include a daughter and two grandchildren.

She was about 3 and playing cards with her father when he discovered that she was a mathematical prodigy with an uncanny ability to memorize numbers. By the time she was 5, she had become an expert at solving math problems.

Ms. Devi won fame demonstrating her math skills at the circus, and later in road shows arranged by her father.

She did this without any formal education. By the age of six she demonstrated her calculation and memorisation abilities at the University of Mysore.
 
A child prodigy, her talents eventually earned her a place in the 1982 edition of The Guinness Book of World Records

In 1944, Devi moved to London with her father.

“I had become the sole breadwinner of my family, and the responsibility was a huge one for a young child,” she once said. “At the age of 6, I gave my first major show at the University of Mysore, and this was the beginning of my marathon of public performances.”

Devi travelled the world demonstrating her arithmetic talents, including a tour of Europe in 1950 and a performance in New York City in 1976.

Ms. Devi demonstrated her mathematical gifts around the world, at colleges, in theaters and on radio and television.

When she appeared on the BBC, her answer to a difficult calculation was different from the interviewer’s. It turned out that she was right. Similarly, at the University of Rome, one of her answers to a problem was found to be wrong, until the experts re-examined their own calculations.

Problems solved by Ms. Devi during a demonstration in New York in 1976, as they appeared in The New York Times. (Two of the answers to the third question, however, are wrong. Jan. 14, 1935, was Monday, not Tuesday; and Dec. 14, 1935, was Saturday, not Sunday.)

When Ms. Devi performed in New York in 1976, an article in The New York Times marveled at her abilities: “She could give you the cube root of 188,132,517 — or almost any other number — in the time it took to ask the question. If you gave her any date in the last century, she would tell you what day of the week it fell on.”

In 1977, at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, she was asked to give the 23rd root of a 201-digit number; she answered in 50 seconds. Her answer—546,372,891—was confirmed by calculations done at the US Bureau of Standards by the UNIVAC 1101 computer, which took 62 seconds, for which a special program had to be written to perform such a large calculation.

On 18 June 1980, she demonstrated the multiplication of two 13-digit numbers—7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779—picked at random by the Computer Department of Imperial College, London. She correctly answered 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730 in 28 seconds. This event is mentioned in the 1982 Guinness Book of Records. Writer Steven Smith states that the result is "so far superior to anything previously reported that it can only be described as unbelievable".

In 1988, she travelled to the US to have her abilities studied by Arthur Jensen, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen tested her performance of several tasks, including the calculation of large numbers. Examples of the problems presented to Devi included calculating the cube root of 61,629,875 and the seventh root of 170,859,375. Jensen reported that Devi provided the solution to the aforementioned problems (395 and 15, respectively) before Jensen could copy them down in his notebook. Jensen published his findings in the academic journal Intelligence in 1990.

                                                                               

In a 1990 journal article about Ms. Devi, Arthur R. Jensen, a researcher on human intelligence at the University of California, Berkeley, noted that unlike the Dustin Hoffman character in the movie “Rain Man,” an autistic savant who was also a mathematical prodigy, “Devi comes across as alert, extroverted, affable and articulate.”

He posited that for Ms. Devi, “the manipulation of numbers is apparently like a native language, whereas for most of us arithmetic calculation is at best like the foreign language we learned in school.” But he added that she built on her inherent skills through intense practice as a child.

Ms. Devi was also a successful astrologer, cookbook author and novelist. As a writer, Devi wrote a number of books, including novels as well as texts about mathematics, puzzles, and astrology. She also wrote what is considered the first study of homosexuality in India; it treated homosexuality in an understanding light and is considered pioneering.   

Magnetic Hill of Leh-Ladakh of Jammu-Kashmir State, India

Those who had watched Television must have seen a Bajaj Motorcycle Ad, in which a footage about the fact file about Magnetic Hill situated in Leh-Ladakh which may be shown.

Can anyone ever imagine the movement of a vehicle up a steep mountain, with its ignition off? Sounds quite unbelievable! Well, this magnet magic can be experienced while you are traveling to Leh-Ladakh.

In the Magnetic hill, you can see for yourself vehicles moving up at a speed of 20 km/ hour with the engines off.

Magnet Hill is a so-called "gravity hill" located near Leh in Ladakh, India. Leh is one of the two districts that constitute Ladakh, the other being Kargil.

It is a part of the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir, located on the Leh-Kargil-Baltic National Highway, 360 KM away from Jammu, about 30 km from Leh, at a height of 11,000 feet above sea level.

On its south side flows the Indus, which originates in Tibet and goes to Pakistan. The magnetic hill has become a popular stop for domestic tourists on car journeys. The alignment of the road with the slope of the background can give the illusion that cars are able to drift upwards.

The hill supposedly has magnetic properties which attracts metallic objects, making vehicles move up at a speed of about 20 kmph with their engines off.

However, many feel that it's a mere optical illusion and nothing to do with magnetic fields, electricity or unknown forces working along mysterious lines.

Mystery Explained :

Magnetic Hill is a place where the layout of the surrounding land produces the optical illusion that a very slight downhill slope appears to be an uphill slope. Thus, a car left out of gear will appear to be rolling uphill. There are hundreds of gravity hill locations around the world.

Many claim that natural or even supernatural forces are at work here causing the magnetic attractions. However, there is some scientific reasoning to this phenomenon as well.

A completely or major obstructed horizon is the most important factor contributing to the illusion. As, in the absence of a horizon it becomes difficult to judge the slope of a surface. If the horizon cannot be seen or is not level, then we may be fooled by objects that we expect to be vertical but that really are not.

Another theory is that false perspective might also play a role. Objects far away may seem smaller or larger than they really are. This is a remarkably common illusion that is found in numerous locations around the world. Usually it is a stretch of road in a hilly area where the level horizon is obscured. Objects such as trees and walls that normally provide visual clues to the true vertical, may be leaning slightly. This creates an optical illusion making a slight downhill look like an uphill slope. Objects may appear to roll uphill. Sometimes rivers even seem to flow against gravity.

There are several things that enable us to sense which way is up. The balance mechanism in our inner ears is one system we have, but visual clues are also important and can be overriding. If the horizon cannot be seen or is not level, then we may be fooled by objects that we expect to be vertical but that really are not. False perspective might also play a role. If a line of trees get larger or smaller with distance away, our sense of perspective is thrown off. Objects far away may seem smaller or larger than they really are. 

 

 
Above is a signboard of what has famously come to be known as the ‘Magnetic Hill’ in Ladakh, placed by the local administration a bill board to help tourists recognize the Magnetic Hill. The board clearly states the whole phenomenon. So you can also enjoy a first hand experience as you reach the hill. Place your vehicle on a specific spot on the road with its engines off and you will soon notice the vehicle moving up at a speed of 10 - 20 km/hour.

And for those of you who are thinking ‘The movement must have been due to the downhill descent and it was just following the rules of gravity.’ Turn your car in the opposite direction and repeat the steps. It will start moving uphill!

Who could have imagined that a vehicle could move up a steep mountain, with its ignition off? Sounds quite unbelievable!
 
Impact on Helicopters and Aircraft's

Not only are the vehicles traveling on the road attracted by the magnetic powers of this hill, even the helicopters and aircrafts feel the same magnetic impact. Locals and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) personnel claim that the helicopters and aircrafts that pass through the area have to fly at a greater speed to avoid the magnetic impact of the Magnetic hill. And if the aircraft comes within the radius of Magnetic Hill, it starts to jerk. In fact, the Indian Air Force pilots always steer clear of the Magnetic Hill.

Experience and theorize for yourself ! 
 
The tourist season in Ladakh is just round the corner. Plan a trip to this paradise and experience this captivating phenomenon and theorize for yourself the reason behind its magnetic property. While here, don’t forget to indulge in a host of other activities like yak safari, mountain climbing and trekking. Of course don’t miss out on treating your taste buds to some scrumptious local cuisine.